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Ibram Lassaw 1913 -2003 Born in Alexandria, Egypt, of Russian émigré parents in 1913, Ibram Lassaw came to the U.S. in 1921. In 1926 he joined a sculpture class at the Brooklyn Children's Museum, taught by Dorothea Denslow. This class became The Clay Club and later The Sculpture Center, now in Queens, NY. Lassaw studied classical sculpture at the Beaux Arts Institute of Design, 1930-31, and also attended the City College of New York. He began experimenting with abstraction in both two and three dimensional forms around 1928. He worked for several years on the Federal Arts Project of the Public Works Administration, before being drafted into the army during WW2. Lassaw was one of the founders of the American Abstract Artists in 1936 and president of that organization from 1946 to 1949. He was also one of the charter members of "The Club", founded by New York artists in 1949. In the mid 40's he pioneered Projection Paintings, intensely colored abstract paintings on glass slides that could be projected to cover a whole wall. From 1951 until 1965 he was represented by The Kootz Gallery in New York City and since then by various galleries around the country. Although he is best known for his open space welded sculptures in bronze, nickel silver, phos-copper, silicon bronze, steel and other alloys, he has simultaneously worked in other media such as works on paper and canvas with inks and acrylic, lithographs, and his one-of-a-kind "bosom sculptures", welded bronze gold-plated jewelry. Lassaw was the Benjamin N. Duke Professor at Duke University 1962-63; taught at the University of California, Berkeley in 1965-66; Southampton College from 1966 to the mid 70's and spent a year as a visiting professor at Mount Holyoke College. Lassaw's work is in the permanent collections of museums on four continents, including The Whitney Museum, Museum of Modern Art, NY; The Albright Knox Gallery; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY; The Guggenheim Museum, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem; Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janero, Brazil, and many others. Sam Hunter, art critic, wrote: "Few artist have made more personal and poetic statements in sculpture out of the collective impulse of abstract expressionism than Ibram Lassaw. Yet of the major figures who emerged during the heroic post-war years of the American avant-garde, he has maintained the most consistent theoretical basis for his art, drawing on such intellectual sources as Taoist and Zen teachings, the psychology of Jung, and other esoteric sources that generally throw light on non-rational mysteries and the creative potencies in man. The ideal calm which Lassaw's personal presence radiates is an achieved and mastered serenity, which never fails to make a striking impression; in his daily life it is disrupted only by regular bouts of energetic creation, and by continuous sense of astonishment and delight at the inexhaustible spectacle of the world, or more accurately the cosmos... his art has become a simulacrum of that revealed order and purpose, which he can argue in verbal discourse with an almost professional philosophical detachment." * Ibram Lassaw: A chronology of major events and exhibitions from 1913- 1976 (complied by Susan Strickler)
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| 1913 | Born May 4, Alexandria , Egypt, to Russian parents, Philip and Bertha (Zaleski) Lassaw. Philip Lassaw, who had served in the Czarist army, was an accountant. | ||
| 1918 | Attended French lycee in Alexandria where Lassaw showed interest in sculpture and won recognition for his modeling in clay. Family subsequently lived in Marseilles, Naples, Tunis, Malta and Constantinople for short periods. | ||
1921 |
Family immigrated to the U.S. and settled permanently in Brooklyn. Through his father's naturalization in 1928, Lassaw automatically became a U.S. citizen. | ||
| 1926 | The Brooklyn Children's Museum's exhibition of the Katherine Dreier Collection sponsored by the Societe Anonyme, Inc. was his first introduction to modern and abstract art. | ||
| 1927 | Began four-year study under Dorothea Denslow at the Brooklyn Children's Museum. From these meetings a group of students including Lassaw, formed the Clay Club ( now the Sculpture Center) under Denslow. Here Lassaw received primarily a general knowledge in modeling and casting techniques. | ||
| 1930 | Began a one-year study at Beaux Arts Institute of Design, under two academic sculptors, Edwin McCarton and Vincent Glinsky. Training consisted of copying clay Greek and Roman ornament and casts, before progressing to a life class where students worked in one-third life-size scale. | ||
| 1931 | Graduated from Boy's High School, Brooklyn Attended one year City College of New York studying Art History, among other subjects. |
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1933
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Rented first studio on Bedford Street, New York Executed first abstract “space” sculpture. Never worked in figurative mode again. Helped to organize the Unemployed Artists' Association of which he was treasure. The UAA picketed the Whitney Museum of American Art when its director Juliana Force was appointed regional director of the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) Participated in the PWAP. One of several artists on the PWAP working in an abstract style; others included Burgoyne Diller, Byron Brown, Harry Holtzman, Stuart Davis, Ralph Rosenborg, Max Spivak, Ilya Bolotowsky, Ashile Gorky, and John Graham. |
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| 1934 | Participated for nine months in the federally-sponsored Civil Works Authority (CWA) and under the official title of stone carver cleaned New York City statuary and public monuments. Studio on 232 Wooster Street. Bought a forge and began to work directly in metal inspired by the work of Julio Gonzales. |
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1935
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Under the Work Projects Administration (WPA) Federal Art Project participated first in the teaching division, for one year, at the YMHA Contemporary Art Center at Lexington Avenue and 92nt street. Completed Sculpture 1935, an open, abstract “space” sculpture in plaster on wire armature which indicated Lassaw's future direction in sculpture. Met David Smith, first sculptor working in an abstract mode whom Lassaw knew in person. |
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| 1936 | Lassaw transferred from teaching to sculpture division of WPA. Exhibited Concrete Abstraction in the Sculpture Biennial of the Whitney Museum of American Art, January 14- February 13. During the spring, met with other artists at his studio on 232 Wooster Street to discuss the formation of a cooperative exhibition society (which later became the American Abstract Artists or A.A.A.). |
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| 1937 | Establishment of A.A.A. in January First Annual Exhibition of A.A.A. at the Squib Gallery Exhibited Sculpture 1935 , Sculpture 1936 and Sing, Baby Sing (1937), April 3-17) |
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1938
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As an editor of the A.A.A. Yearbook, 1938, contributed an important statement , “On Inventing Our Own Art”. Completed first sculpture in forge-welded metal, Sculpture in Steel. |
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| 1939 | Constructed a motor-driven, kinetic sculpture for the A.A.A. exhibition at the New York Worlds Fair with George L.K. Morris, Charles G. Shaw, and A. E. Gallatin. | ||
1942 |
Served in U. S. Army at Camp (fort) Lee, Virginia, trained as a welder repairing tanks and trucks. | ||
| 1944 | Discharged from Army. Married Ernestine Blumberg, moved to 487 6 th Ave at 12 street. | ||
| 1945 | A daughter, Denise Elaine Lassaw born. | ||
1946 |
President of A.A.A. over next three years. A.A.A. meets at his studio. | ||
1947
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Reported to the New York studio of Amedee Ozenfant for informal criticism as requirement of G. I. Bill. Met Miro who was renting Carl Holty's studio in New York. |
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1949
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Founding member of The Club (previously a participant in the informal meetings of artists at the Waldorf cafeteria, also known as the “Waldorf Group”. | ||
1950
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Taught summer sculpture classes at American University, Washington, D.C. Exhibited in Whitney Sculpture Annual where Samuel Kootz first saw his work, Kootz remained his dealer until 1966. First one-man exhibition at the Kootz Gallery , New York, October 22- November 10. Exhibited in MOMA exhibition, “Abstract Painting and Sculpture,” January 23- March 25 First sale of sculpture, Procyon |
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1953
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Began attending Daisetz Suzuki's classes on Zen Buddhism at Columbia University, New York Pillar of Fire commissioned for Congregation Beth El, Springfield , Massachusetts. |
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1953
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Commissioned by Philip Johnson to execute Clouds of Magellan for his Glass House, New Canaan, Connecticut. |
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1954 |
Exhibited in the Venice Biennal d'Arte, Italy Pillar of Cloud commissioned for Temple Beth El, Providence, Rhode Island. Mrs. Ira Haupt commissioned sculpture for office of Seventeen Magazine. Began spending summers in the Springs, Long Island, where family moved permanently in 1963. Third one-man show at Kootz, October 23- November 13, with catalogue introduction by James Fitzsimmons. |
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| 1955 | Exhibited in “The New Decade”, Whitney Museum One-man show at Kootz, Novemember |
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1956
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Exhibited in MOMA's “Twelve Americans.” Wings of the Cherubim commissioned for Temple Anshe Chesed, Cleveland , Ohio The Creation commissioned for the Knese Tifereth Isreal Synagogue, Port Chester, New York. Exhibited in “Art for Two Synagogues”, Kootz, October 15-27 |
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1957 |
Retrospective at M.I.T., June. Eternal Light commissioned for Temple of Aarron, St. Paul, Minnesota. |
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| 1958 | “New Sculptures by Lassaw,” Kootz, April 1-19 “Three American Sculptors: Herbert Ferber, David Hare, Ibram Lassaw, “ Kootz November 29- December 20. Exhibited in “Nature in Abstraction,” traveling exhibition organized by the Whitney Museum, January 1958- February 1959. |
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| 1959 | Fourteen foot sculpture commissioned for entrance of the New Arts Building, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Exhibited in “Documenta II” , Kassel, Germany (Organized by MOMA) |
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1960
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“Lassaw; New Sculpture at the Kootz Gallery,” November 15- December 30. Exhibited in “Paths of Abstract Art”, Cleveland Museum of Art. Commissioned to do a baldachin and altar screen for Saint Leonard Friary, Dayton, Ohio. |
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1961 |
Traveled to Europe visiting France and Italy and Spain. Pittsburgh International Exhibition. |
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| 1962 | Artist-in-Residence at Duke University, Durham , North Carolina, which included exhibition “Ibram Lassaw, Visiting Artist 1962-1963; An Exhibition of Recent Sculptures,” March 14- April 16. |
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| 1963 | “Lassaw: New Sculpture at Kootz Gallery,” April 16 – May 4 Completed fifteen-foot hanging sculpture Elysian Fields for the New York Hilton Hotel. |
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| 1964 | “Unique Bronze Sculptures by Lassaw,” Kootz, April 21-May9 Exhibited in Whitney Annual. |
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| 1965 | Artist-in-residence at University of California, Berkeley. | ||
| 1966 | Exhibited in “Art of the United States, 1670-1966,” Whitney Museum. | ||
| 1968 | “The Sculpture of Ibram Lassaw,” Gertrude Kassel Gallery, Detroit, November 2-31. Catalogue with text by Sam Hunter. Exhibited in “American Art of the 30's,” Whitney Museum Wrote his most important , thorough statement on his work, “Perspectives and Reflections of A Sculptor: A Memoir,” published in Leonardo . |
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| 1973 | “Ibram Lassaw,' Heckscher Museum, Huntington, New York, June 9-July 22. Catalogue with artist's statement from Leonardo article. | ||
| 1974 | Pantheon commissioned for Rockerfeller Center, New York | ||
| 1976 | Exhibited in “200 Years of American Sculpture,” Whitney Museum March 15- September 26. Exhibited in “The Golden Door: Artist-Immigrants of America, 1876-1976,” Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D. C. May 20-October 20. Exhibited in “American Welders 1950-1960's”, Zabriskie Gallery , New York, September 7-25 |
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MUSEUMS AND PUBLIC COLLECTIONS Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY Andrew Dickson White Art Museum, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland Birla Museum, Calcutta, India Brooklyn Museum, New York Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Penn. Chase Manhattan Bank Collection, New York City Trust Bank, Bridgeport, Conn. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Guild Hall Museum, East Hampton, NY Peggy Guggenhiem Museum, Venice, Italy Hecksher Museum, Huntington, LI NY Hilton New Yorker Hotel Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel Long Island Hall of Fame-Sculpture Garden, Stony Brook, L.I. McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX Metalcraft Corporation, Chicago, Ill. Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, Mass. Museum of International Art- Sofia, Bulgaria Museum of Modern Art, New York, N.Y. Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janero, Brazil Museum of Contemporary Sculpture, Matera, Italy National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian, Washington, DC National Museum of Wales, Cardiff New Jersey State Museum, NJ Newark Museum, Newark, NJ Noyes Museum, Ocean Ville, NJ Peggy Guggenheim's "Art of this Century", Venice, Italy Philip Johnson Glass House, Museum, Conn. Rhode Island School of Design Rockefeller Estate, Kykuit , NY School of Art and Archeology, Wash. U. St. Louis, Mo School of Design, Chicago Ill. Sheldon Art Gallery, Lincoln, Nebraska Springfield Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, Mass. University of California Museum , Berkeley, CA. University of North Carolina, Greensboro, N.C. Wadsworth Athenaeum, Hartford, Conn. Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Weatherspoon Art Museum, University of North Carolina Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, N.Y. Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, Kansas Willama College, Williamstown, Mass. Worcester, Art Museum, Worcester, Mass.
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ARCHITECTURAL COMMISSIONS Beth El Temple, Springfield, Mass: all sculpture including a 28' Pillar of Fire for the facade; Percival Goodman, architect. Beth El Temple, Providence, Rhode Island Temple of Aaron, St. Paul, Minn. Kneses Tifereth Israel Synagogue, Port Chester, N.Y.: 32' screen and others; Philip Johnson, architect. House of Theology of the Franciscan Fathers, Centerville, Ohio. Baldachin 19' high and alter screen. Phillip Johnson's Glass House, New Canaan, Conn; large wall sculpture. Large wall sculpture for the office of Mrs. Ira Haupi, Seventeen Magazine, Editor. Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; 14' free-standing sculpture for the entrance to the Art Building. New York Hilton Hotel; 15' hanging sculpture for the lobby. Yale& Towne, Eacutcheon Rockerfeller Center New York, 14' Sculpture, Pantheon . |
| SELECTED EXHIBITIONS SINCE 1933: |
| 2002 | Ibram Lassaw ,Deep Space and Beyond, Radford University Art Museum, Radford Virginia and Leepa-Rattner Museum, Tarpon Springs , Florida | |||
| 2001 | Meaning, Medium, and Method: American Sculpture 1940-1960. Selections from The Whitney Museum of American Art at The New York State Museum, NY Abstraction: 6 Perspectives, Adelphi University Abstraction 60 years/60 Artists- Bujese Gallery |
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| 2000 | Art for Art's Sake- Credo of the 50's- Anita Shapolsky Gallery, NYC American Abstract Artist 1930-2000, Hillwood Art Museum, L.I. Projection Paintings, Radford University |
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| 1999 | Whitney Museum, American Century of Art and Culture, 1900-2000, Part 1 | |||
| 1998 | Lassaw @Harmon Meek Gallery , Naples Fl. | |||
| 1996 | American Abstract Artists 60th Anniversary Exhibition- Westbeth Gallery, NY Lassaw @Harmon Meek Gallery , Naples Fl. Pioneers of Abstract Art, American Abstract Artsits,1936-96, S.Mishkin Gallery, Baruch C.CUNY |
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| 1995 | Lassaw @ Harmon Meek Gallery, Naples Fl. | |||
| 1993 | Chicago International Art Expo | |||
| 1992 | Exploration of Space, Sculpture by Ibram Lassaw, Century Club, NYC Lassaw @Harmon Meek Gallery , Naples Fl. |
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| 1991 | Lassaw @ Harmon Meek Gallery, Naples, Fl. | |||
| 1990 | American Abstraction 1930-45, The Frost Collection National Museum of American Art. | |||
| 1989 | American Abstract Artists, National Museum of American Art, Frost Collection, Washington | |||
| 1988 | Space Explorations, A Retrospective at Guild Hall, East Hampton, N.Y. The Impact of Surrealism in American Art, Convulsive Reality, Whitney Museum |
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| 1986 | Jung and Abstract Expressionism, The Collective Image Among Individual Voices Hofstra The Machine Age in America, Brooklyn Museum |
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| 1985 | Eight Modern Masters, Amarillo Art Center, Amarillo, TX Fifty Years-WPA-AAA, Washburn Gallery, NYC |
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| 1984 | The Third Dimension, Whitney Museum. Sculptors Drawings, from the Whitney Museum Permanent Collection The Hampton Scene, Then and Now, Alex Rosenberg Gallery, NYC |
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| 1983 | The Sculptor as Draughtsman, Whitney Museum-selections from the permanent collection Abstract Painting & Sculpture in America (1927-44), Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute |
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| 1982 | Five Distinguished Alumni- WPA Federal Art Project, Hirschorn Museum and Guild Hall. | |||
| 1981 | An American Choice, Collection of M.K. Steinburg Newman, Metropolitan Museum. | |||
| 1979-80 | Vanguard American Sculpture , Traveling Exhibition: Rutgers University; NJ. American Art of the 20th Century, Whitney Museum |
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| 1978 | Twentieth Century American Drawings, Whitney Museum | |||
| 1976 | Sculptors of the 1950's, The Art Gallery, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. The Golden Door: Artist Immigrants 1876-1976, The Hirshhorn Museum Two Hundred Years of American Sculpture, Whitney Museum |
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| 1975 | Sculpture-American Directions 1945-75, National Collection of the Fine Arts, Smithsonian | |||
| 1973 | Lassaw Retrospective Exhibition, Hecksher Museum, Huntington, N.Y. American and European Sculpture of the 1940's, University Art Gallery, UC, Berkeley, CA |
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| 1970 | Modern Sculpture , Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, University of Nebraska, Lincoln | |||
| 1969 | Carnegie Mellon University- One Man show of drawings 20th Century Art from the Nelson A. Rockefeller Collection, Museum of Modern Art The American Painting and Sculpture-First Generation, Museum of Modern Art |
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| 1969 | Lassaw @ Carnegie Mellon University | |||
| 1968 | Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Guggenheim Museum | |||
| 1967 | Jewelry by Painters & Sculptors, Museum of Modern Art Exposition International de Sculpture Contemporaine, EXPO 67, Montreal, Canada |
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| 1966 | Seven Decades 1895-1965, Cross Currents in Modern Art, New York Galleries Art of the United States 1670-1966, Whitney Museum Biennial of Sculpture, Whitney Museum |
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| 1965 | Critic's Choice: Art Since World War 11, Kane Exhibition, Providence, RI United States Sculpture of the Twentieth Century, Rodin Museum, Paris, France International Exhibition of Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel Show of Painting and Sculpture at the White House, Washington, D.C. |
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| 1964 | Art Between the Fairs, Whitney Museum. Lassaw @ Kootz Gallery NYC Whitney Museum Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Sculpture Carnegie International |
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| 1963 | Sculpture of Our Time, Washington Gallery of Modern Art, Washington, DC Lassaw @ Kootz Gallery |
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| 1962 | Seattle World's Fair, Art Since 1950 | |||
| 1961 | International Exhibition of Modern Jewelry 1890-1961, Victoria and Albert Museum | |||
| 1960 | 150 Years of American Sculpture, Westbury, N.Y. Lassaw@Kootz Gallery NYC |
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| 1959 | American National Exhibition in Moscow. Documenta 11, Kassel, Germany. |
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| 1958 | American Pavilion, Brussels World's Fair. Lassaw @ Kootz Gallery |
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| 1957 | Twelve Americans, Museum of Modern Art, Tate Gallery,London Sao Paulo Biennale, Brazil . One man Retrospective, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. |
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| 1956 | International Exhibition of Contemporary Sculpture, Musee Rodin, Paris | |||
| 1955 | Salute to France, Museum of Modern Art, Paris, France | |||
| 1954 | Venice Biennalo, Italy Art Institute of Chicago. Twentieth Century Drawing, Yale Art Gallery, Yale University . |
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| 1952 | Sculpture of the Twentieth Century, Museum of Modern Art. One man show- Kootz Gallery- 1952, |
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| 1951 | Abstract Painting and Sculpture in America, Museum of Modern Art. Tradition and Experiment in Modern Sculpture, Amer. Fed. of Arts Show.Art Ins of Chicago |
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| 1950 | Salon des Realities Nouvelles, Paris, France | |||
| 1936 | Whitney Museum Sculpture and Painting Exhibitions American Abstract Artists Exhibitions. |
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| 1935 | Whitney Museum 125th Annual Exhibit, Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts The Artists Union show, NYC (1935 ?) |
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| 1934 | Contemporary Art Gallery, NYC (Torso) Dudensing Gallery, NYC Clay Club -almost every year since it started |
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| 1933 | Contemporary Arts Gallery, NYC (Dancing Figure) |
IBRAM LASSAW : Selected Bibliography 7 + 5, Sculptors in the 1950's , The Art Galleries of the U. C. Santa Barbara, 1976 12 Americans , Dorothy C.Miller , Museum of Modern Art,1966, N.Y. 200 Years of American Sculpture. David Godine, Whitney 1976 American Art of the 20th Century , History of art year by year, JeanLouis Ferrier, Editions du Chien Art Journal , College Art Assoc. vol.53, #4 1994, Sculpture in Postwar Europe and America 20th Century Sculpture , Nassau County Museum of Art 1999 25 Artists , Univ. Publications of America, Frederick , MD A Concise History of Modern Sculpture , Herbert Read, Thames and Hudson, 1966 A History of American Art, Daniel Mendelowitz , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970 A History of American Art, George M. Cohen , Laurel-Dell,1971 A History of World Sculpture, Bazin ,Graphic Arts Society, 1968 Abstract Expressionism, David Anfam, Thames and Hudson 1990 Abstract Expressionism: Creators and Critics , Clifford Ross, 1990 Abstract Painting & Sculpture in America , Andrew C. Ritchie, MOMA 1951 American Abstract Artists, 1938, 1939, 1946 American Art of Our Century , Lloyd Goodrich and Bauer, 1961 American Art in the Newark Museum: Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture 1981 American Art of the Twentieth Century , San Hunter , Abrams,1973 American Art Since 1900, Barbara Rose , Frederick A. Praeger,1968, N.Y American Sculpture in Process-1930-1970 , Wayne Anderson , N.Y. Graphics Soc, Boston,1975 Art and Tradition , Emery Grossman, Thomas Yoseloff, 1967, N.Y. Art as Image and Idea , Edmund L. Feldman, University of Georgia, Prentice-Hall Art in Our Times: A Pictorial History 1890-1980 , Peter Selz, Abrams Art Since Mid Century : 1945 to the Present, Daniel Wheeler, 91', Vendome Press Artworks and Packages : Harold Rosenberg, Horizon press 1969 Between the Fairs: 25 years of American Art 1939-1964 Beyond Modern Sculpture: The Effects of Science and Technology on the Sculpture of This -Century, Jack Burnham, Braziller, NY 1967 Beyond the Plane: American Constructions, 1930-1965 , New Jersey State Museum, 1983 Contemporary Art 1942-1972 , Collection of the Albright Knox Gallery, Praeger,1972 Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture , U. Illinois, 1955 Contemporary American Sculpture , Ludwig Brumme, Crown Pub. NY, 1948 Contemporary Sculpture , Carola Gledon-Weicker , Wittenborn Inc. 1968, N.Y. Dictionary of Art , Bernard S. Myers , McGraw Hill, 1970 Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptures and Gravers Dictionary of Contemporary American Artists , Cummings Dictionary of Modern Sculpture , Robert Mallard, Tudor Pub. Co. 1960 Dictionary of Twentieth Century Art , B. S. Myers & S. D. Myers,McGraw-Hill, 1974 Dictionnaire de la Sculpture Modern , Fernand Hazan , Paris 1960 Exposition International de Sculpture Contemporaine , Musee Rodin, Paris 1956 Flying Tigers: Painiting & Sculpture in New York: 1939-1946 , Bell Gallery, Brown U. 1985 History of Modern Art , Arnason & Prather, Abrams 1998 Jewish Experience in the Art of the Twentieth Century . Avram Kampf, Bergin & Garvey Pub. 1984 Larousse Encyclopedia of Modern Art Late Modern: The Visual Arts Since 1945 , Edward Lucie-Smith ,Praeger,1969, N.Y., Masters of Modern Art : Alfred H. Barr, Jr. , Museum of Modern Art,1954 Modern American Painting and Sculpture , Sam Hunter , Dell, 1960, N.Y. Modern American Sculpture , Dore Ashton , Harry N. Abrams 1970 Modern Art , Hunter& Jacobs & Wheeler, Abrams 2000 Modern Art: A Pictorial Anthology , Charles McCurdy , 1958 Modern Artists in America , 1 st Series ) , Motherwell & Reinhardt ,Wittenborn Schultz, 1951, Modern Sculpture , Jean Selz , 1963 Nature in Abstraction : John I.H. Bauer, Whitney Museum, Macmillan Co.,1958, N.Y. Passages in Modern Sculpture : Rosalind E. Krauss, MIT 1981 Paths of Abstract Art : Edward B. Henning, Cleveland Museum, Abrams, 1960 Realities Novelles , Paris Reclaiming Artists of the New York School , Sidney Miskin Gallery, 1994 Readings in Art History , vol.2 The Renaissance to the Present. Harold Spencer. Scribner 1969 Revolution and Tradition in Modern American Art , John I.H. Bauer,1959 Sculpture in America , Wayne Craven, Crowell Co. 1968 Sculptura in Acciaio : Libri Scheiwiller, Milano, 1990 Sculptura in America : editioni Della Cometa, Roma 1990 Sculpture: Material and Process , Donald J. Irving, Van Nostrand Reinhold 1070 Sculpture of the Twentieth Century , Andrew C. Richie , Museum of Modern Art,1952 Sculpture of the World-A History , Sheldon Cheney Sculpture of this Century : Michel Seuphor, George Braziller Inc.N.Y.,1960 Sculpture with a Torch , John Rood, University of Minnesota Press,1963 Space Explorations , Ibram Lassaw: A Retrospective Survey 1929-1988 , Guild Hall 1988 Terminal Iron Works-Sculpture of David Smith , Rosalind E. Krause, M.I.T.Press The 1930's- Painting and Sculpture in America : William C. Agree , Whitney Museum, 1988 The American Art Book , Phaidon Press, London The American Century : Art & Culture 1900-1950 . Barbara Haskell, Whitney 1999 The American Century : Art & Culture 1950- 2000 . Lisa Phillips. Whitney 1999 The Anxious Object : Harold Rosenberg, Horizon Press, 1964, N.Y. The Art of the United States , 1670-1966 Lloyd Goodrich , Whitney Museum, 1966, N.Y. The Art World: 75 years Treasury of Art News , Rizzolli The Artist In America , by the editors of Art in America, W.W. Horton &Co., N.Y.1967 The Brittanica Encyclopedia of American Art The Collector in America , Jean Lipman and editors of Art in America, 1970 The Dictionary of Art , ed. Jane Turner, 1996, Grove The Golden Door: Artist Immigrants of America: 1876-1976 Hirshorn Museum 1976 The Joys and Sorrows of Recent American Art, Allen S. Weller, Illini Books,U. of Illinois1968 The Nelson A. Rockefeller Collection of Masterpieces of Modern Art: Hudson/Hills 1981 The New Deal Art Projects-an Anthology of Memoirs, FrancisV.O'Connor Smithsonian 1972 The New Decade: 35 American painters and Sculptors The New Sculpture, Udo Kultunman, Praeger 1968 The New York School: by Dore Ashton , Viking, 1971 The New York School: Painters & Sculptors of the Fifties. Irv Sandler 1978 The Nude: Drawings of the Figure by New York School Artists , circa 1930-1950 , Twining Gallery The Peggy Guggenheim Collection of Modern Art , N.Calas & Elena Calas,Abrams,1970 The Third Dimension: Lisa Phillips, Whitney Museum, NY 1984 The World of Abstract Art , American Abstract Artists, George Wittenborn Inc. 1957; N.Y. The History of World Sculpture, Main Bazin, NY Graphic Soc. 1968 Three American Sculptors : Ferber, Hare, Lassaw ; Evergreen 1959 Twentieth Century Art from the Nelson Aldrich Rockerfeller Collection, MOMA 1969 Vanguard American Sculpture 1913-1939 Rutgers 1979 Varieties of Visual Experience: Art as Image and Idea. Edmund Burke, Feldman, Pentice Hall Visual Dictionary of Art , New York Graphic Society, 1974 Welded Sculpture, Nathan Cabot Hale, Watson-Guptill Pub.; 1968, N.Y. What is Modern Sculpture? Robert Goldwater, Museum of Modern Art |
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